EU-Politik:
Innen befriedet, nach außen feindlich bis zum bitteren Ende
Die tödlichen Grenzen der EU
Von Sabine Schiffer
Während subventioniertes europäisches Gemüse afrikanische Märkte zerstört und regionale Konflikte geschürt werden, um weiterhin Rohstoffe verbilligt ausbeuten zu können, sehen sich vor allem junge afrikanische Männer [und weibliche Sexworker-Migranten. Anm.] gezwungen, ihre Heimat zu verlassen, um stellvertretend für eine große Familie in Europa ihr Glück zu versuchen und von den Töpfen von Wohlstand und Gleichberechtigung etwas abzubekommen.
Wenn sie nicht schon jenseits des Mittelmeeres interniert und rückgeführt bzw. in der Wüste ausgesetzt werden, sterben sie sehr oft durch Erschöpfung oder Ertrinken vor den Küsten Europas. Verstärkt wird das Sterben durch die „Abwehr“-Flotte der EU, die sich Frontex nennt und nicht aus humanitären Gründen im Mittelmeer kreuzt.
Elias Bierdel, Autor von „Ende einer Rettungsfahrt“ zeigte Ende Juni Bilder von diesen Kriegsschiffen und ertrunkenen Afrikanern, die anonym auf den Inseln des Mittelmeeres ihre letzte Ruhestätte finden, bei einer Veranstaltung in der Universität in Erlangen.
Zu der Themenwoche mit dem Titel „Die Grenzen des Westens“ hatte die Hochschulgruppe FAUNA eingeladen. Mit einer Podiumsdiskussion endete die Veranstaltungsreihe, bei der sich neben dem ehemaligen Cap Anamur-Vertreter Bierdel unter anderem auch Heiner Bielefeldt, Uni Erlangen als neuer Lehrstuhlinhaber für Menschenrechte und Menschenrechtspolitik einbringen konnte.
Bielefeldt stellte in Frage, dass Menschenrechte „teilbar“ sein könnten – in eine europäische und eine nichteuropäische Ausgabe.
Das Fazit des Abends ist so einfach wie erschreckend: Die EU verstößt mit ihrer Politik der Abschottung gegen die UNO Menschenrechts-Charta sowie die Genfer Konvention.
Kriminell wird es etwa, wenn die Minenfelder an der griechisch-türkischen Grenze nach Übertrittsversuchen mit tödlichem Ausgang noch verstärkt werden.
Kriminell wird es, wenn ehemalige Feinde darum zum Freund mutieren, weil sie bereit sind, die „Migrantenströme“ noch auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent einzudämmen – wie etwa Libyens Muammar al Ghaddafi.
Kriminell ist auch der Schießbefehl an den Grenzzäunen der spanischen Enklaven Mellilla und Ceuta auf afrikanischem Boden, die Bierdel an seine Kindheit im Schatten der Berliner Mauer erinnern.
Diese sei aber gefallen, macht er Hoffnung. Sein ganzes Wirken hat er dem Kampf gegen Rassismus verschrieben, wie es auf seiner Website mit dem bewusst vieldeutigen Titel borderline-europe zum Ausdruck kommt. Denn einen tiefsitzenden Rassismus hat er als Grundlage dessen ausgemacht, dass unsere Regierung und Wirtschaft die sogrnannte Dritte Welt seit nunmehr gut 500 Jahren gnadenlos ausbeuten lässt.
Die Wahrnehmung dafür sei aber extrem unterentwickelt und insofern freue er sich, dass sich die Studierenden dieser Thematik angenommen hätten. Es gehe darum, das Informationsdefizit bei der Bevölkerung des sogenannten Westens zu schließen und eine Wahrnehmung für das menschenverachtende Gebaren der eigenen Vertreter wie des eigenen Lebensstils zu schaffen.
Er hofft, dass dies über die Ablehnung hinaus zur aktiven Bekämpfung der Verstöße gegen Menschen- und Völkerrecht führt. Mit einer Sonderausgabe der Zeitschrift borderline-europe unter dem Titel „Das Sterben an den EU-Außengrenzen“ versucht er gegen das Unwissen und das kollektive Schweigen derer anzugehen, die mehr Möglichkeiten zum Handeln haben als die Verlierer der Globalisierung und damit mehr Verantwortung. Ein klares Plädoyer für „Menschenrechte ohne Grenzen“ und ohne ein Zweiklassensystem, das dem Grundgedanken der Menschenrechte Hohn spricht.
Wenn nun noch die Medien mitspielen würden, könnte es gelingen, der Problematik die gebührende Aufmerksamkeit zu verschaffen und die Bewusstseinsprozesse zu ermöglichen, die bisher offensichtlich ausblieben! (PK)
Buch:
Elias Bierdel: „Ende einer Rettungsfahrt - Das Flüchtlingsdrama der Cap Anamur“ mit einem Vorwort von Bundesministerin Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul und über 100 bislang unveröffentlichten Fotos und Dokumenten
Verlag Ralf Liebe, 232 Seiten, EUR 19,80, ISBN-13: 978-3935221658
http://www.nrhz.de/flyer/beitrag.php?id=15379
Menschenhandel vs. Migration
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Schicksaal der Frauen
Das was die FRONTEX-Flotte nach außen ist, ist teilweise die Menschenhandelsjudikatur nach innen. Abwehr von informeller Migration und ProstitutionsKontrolle:
Zweieinhalb Jahre Gefängnis : Er war bei Menschenhandel nur ihr Gehilfe
Bergkamen, 14.07.2010, Kathrin Melliwa
In dem scheußlichen Geschäft um Menschenhandel und Prostitution spielte er nur eine kleine Nebenrolle. Es war hauptsächlich die Bekannte des Bergkameners – sie stammt ebenfalls aus Nigeria – die in ihrem Heimatland vier junge Frauen unter falschen Versprechungen nach Deutschland schickte und hier zur Prostitution zwang. Daher kam der in Bergkamen wohnende Mann gestern bei der Urteilsverkündung im Dortmunder Landgericht auch weitaus günstiger davon als seine Landsmännin: Während die Frau wegen bandenmäßigen Einschleusens von Menschen, Menschenhandel und Zuhälterei sechs Jahre ins Gefängnis muss, sah die 31. Große Strafkammer den Mann aus Bergkamen nur als Gehilfen an: Wegen Beihilfe verhängte die Kammer für den 47-jährige eine Gefängnisstrafe von zwei Jahren und sechs Monaten. Nachdem der Mann bereits sechs Monate in U-Haft gesessen hatte, hob die Kammer den Haftbefehl auf: Der 47-Jährige konnte nach Hause gehen und dort auf seine Einberufung zum Haftantritt warten.
Dabei, so sein Verteidiger Matthias Meier, hat er gute Chancen, bald in den Offenen Vollzug zu wechseln: also tagsüber in der Freiheit zu arbeiten und nur nachts zum Schlafen ins Gefängnis zurückzukehren. Das Gericht hielt es nach einer neun Monate dauernden Verhandlung für möglich, dass der Bergkamener tatsächlich nichts von den perfiden Tricks gewusst hat, mit denen die Hauptangeklagte in Nigeria von Frühjahr bis Oktober 2008 mindestens vier junge Afrikanerinnen nach Dortmund lockte und dann hier zur Prostitution zwang: Die Mädchen legten alle einen Voodoo-Schwur ab. Sie schnitten sich die Haare ab und schworen, nie wegzulaufen, auch nie jemandem zu erzählen, was sie später in Dortmund taten.
Hier merkten sie schnell, dass sie nicht – wie versprochen — als Kindermädchen arbeiteten. Das in Clubs verdiente Geld mussten sie an die Hauptangeklagte abgeben [für die Schleusungsdienstleistungen. Anm.]. Dass der Bergkamener dachte, die Mädchen schafften freiwillig an, „war ihm nicht zu widerlegen“, so der Vorsitzende Richter Ulf Pennig. Inzwischen haben alle vier Frauen den Ausstieg geschafft. Was bleibt, ist die Angst. Angst, weil sie den Voodoo-Schwur gebrochen haben.
http://www.derwesten.de/staedte/bergkam ... 35426.html
Voodoo:
viewtopic.php?p=40631#40631
Zweieinhalb Jahre Gefängnis : Er war bei Menschenhandel nur ihr Gehilfe
Bergkamen, 14.07.2010, Kathrin Melliwa
In dem scheußlichen Geschäft um Menschenhandel und Prostitution spielte er nur eine kleine Nebenrolle. Es war hauptsächlich die Bekannte des Bergkameners – sie stammt ebenfalls aus Nigeria – die in ihrem Heimatland vier junge Frauen unter falschen Versprechungen nach Deutschland schickte und hier zur Prostitution zwang. Daher kam der in Bergkamen wohnende Mann gestern bei der Urteilsverkündung im Dortmunder Landgericht auch weitaus günstiger davon als seine Landsmännin: Während die Frau wegen bandenmäßigen Einschleusens von Menschen, Menschenhandel und Zuhälterei sechs Jahre ins Gefängnis muss, sah die 31. Große Strafkammer den Mann aus Bergkamen nur als Gehilfen an: Wegen Beihilfe verhängte die Kammer für den 47-jährige eine Gefängnisstrafe von zwei Jahren und sechs Monaten. Nachdem der Mann bereits sechs Monate in U-Haft gesessen hatte, hob die Kammer den Haftbefehl auf: Der 47-Jährige konnte nach Hause gehen und dort auf seine Einberufung zum Haftantritt warten.
Dabei, so sein Verteidiger Matthias Meier, hat er gute Chancen, bald in den Offenen Vollzug zu wechseln: also tagsüber in der Freiheit zu arbeiten und nur nachts zum Schlafen ins Gefängnis zurückzukehren. Das Gericht hielt es nach einer neun Monate dauernden Verhandlung für möglich, dass der Bergkamener tatsächlich nichts von den perfiden Tricks gewusst hat, mit denen die Hauptangeklagte in Nigeria von Frühjahr bis Oktober 2008 mindestens vier junge Afrikanerinnen nach Dortmund lockte und dann hier zur Prostitution zwang: Die Mädchen legten alle einen Voodoo-Schwur ab. Sie schnitten sich die Haare ab und schworen, nie wegzulaufen, auch nie jemandem zu erzählen, was sie später in Dortmund taten.
Hier merkten sie schnell, dass sie nicht – wie versprochen — als Kindermädchen arbeiteten. Das in Clubs verdiente Geld mussten sie an die Hauptangeklagte abgeben [für die Schleusungsdienstleistungen. Anm.]. Dass der Bergkamener dachte, die Mädchen schafften freiwillig an, „war ihm nicht zu widerlegen“, so der Vorsitzende Richter Ulf Pennig. Inzwischen haben alle vier Frauen den Ausstieg geschafft. Was bleibt, ist die Angst. Angst, weil sie den Voodoo-Schwur gebrochen haben.
http://www.derwesten.de/staedte/bergkam ... 35426.html
Voodoo:
viewtopic.php?p=40631#40631
Zuletzt geändert von Marc of Frankfurt am 15.07.2010, 12:32, insgesamt 1-mal geändert.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
"When I Dare to Be Powerful "
East African Sex Workers Share Their Stories in a New Publication
http://www.soros.org/initiatives/health ... s-20100706 verweist auf:
Oral History by
Akina Mama wa Afrika:
http://www.akinaMamawaAfrika.org/index. ... Itemid=129#
(pdf download, 136 pages)
Darin:
32 Risk Management Tips
for Sex Workers,
by Sex Workers:
Seiten 111 - 115
.
East African Sex Workers Share Their Stories in a New Publication
http://www.soros.org/initiatives/health ... s-20100706 verweist auf:
Oral History by
Akina Mama wa Afrika:
http://www.akinaMamawaAfrika.org/index. ... Itemid=129#
(pdf download, 136 pages)
Darin:
32 Risk Management Tips
for Sex Workers,
by Sex Workers:
Seiten 111 - 115
.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Ausbeutung ist in Zeiten der Globalisierung weit verbreitet. Sogar bei renomierten Großkonzernen und in bedeutenden Staaten:
Menschenhandel zum Zwecke der Ausbeutung der Arbeitskraft:
Mitsubishi Automobilfabrikation hat Arbeitern aus China in Australien nur 1,90 $ Stundenlohn gezahlt und ihnen somit bei einer 8monatigen Maschinenmontage 131.000,- $ vorenthalten
http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/sout ... 5893411774
CHINESE labourers were flown in to dismantle heavy machinery at the former Mitsubishi car plant and paid as little as $1.90 an hour for the backbreaking work, it has been revealed.
The 24 temporary migrant workers were housed in dormitory-style accommodation in the Adelaide Hills while completing the eight-month job, and were allegedly underpaid more than $131,000 by their employer, a Chinese state-owned company.
The Fair Work Ombudsman has launched Federal Court action against their employer, the Chinese-registered China SANAN Engineering Construction Corporation, alleging two breaches of workplace relations laws.
Fair Work Ombudsman executive director Michael Campbell will allege China SANAN paid the workers between 2005 and 6603 yuan a month, or from $1.90 to $6.75 an hour.
At the time, the Australian federal minimum wage was $14.31 an hour.
China SANAN brought the Chinese workers to Australia to dismantle and remove an automotive press formerly used by Mitsubishi Motors Australia. They worked at the Tonsley Park site from October 29, 2009, until the end of June this year.
Federal Court documents show the Chinese labourers worked a 7.6 hour day and 21.75 days a month during the contract and were entitled to receive at least the federal minimum wage.
"The Fair Work Ombudsman is committed to its role of enforcing Australia's labour standards for overseas workers and will take action against employers who seek to exploit foreign workers," Mr Campbell said.
"Strong and persistent messages need to be sent to employers that both deter this type of behaviour and reinforce the fact that exploitative practices will just not be tolerated."
The Australian Manufacturing Workers Union was aware Chinese workers had been brought in to work at the former car plant but attempts to discover their working conditions were thwarted [vereitelt].
The revelation that they were paid as little as $1.90 an hour outraged union state secretary John Camillo, who described the situation as "a disgrace" and "unbelievable".
"The company knows the industrial relations system in Australia. I just don't know how they could do that," Mr Camillo said.
"We had roadblocks everywhere when we tried to investigate it in December and we were told no, they are not labourers, it is only engineers. I can understand why they wouldn't let us go anywhere near them to talk to these people.
"It is a disgrace and there would have been a lot of people who were aware of that and allowed it to happen. It is more than slave labour. A dollar-something an hour is a big concern and I will be further looking into this to make sure it never, ever happens again."
The Fair Work Ombudsman launched its investigation after receiving information from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Workplace inspectors visited the former Mitsubishi site twice in January, three times in February and once in May and interviewed the workers, China SANAN lawyers and Mitsubishi representatives.
Mr Campbell said that foreign companies operating in Australia must comply with Australian workplace laws, including minimum pay rates.
It is alleged the Chinese workers arrived in Adelaide on class 456 visas, which are designed for short-stay business visits of up to three months for specialised, non-ongoing work. These were later cancelled by DIAC.
Mr Campbell said Chinese SANAN reimbursed its workers when they returned to China in March, with an "overseas travel allowance" which satisfied the alleged underpayment of the minimum wage.
Some of the workers subsequently returned on 457 visas which allowed supervised work.
The Chinese workers were believed to have been put up in dormitory-style accommodation in the Adelaide Hills during their stays. The accommodation had its own kitchen and all meals were cooked by a China SANAN employee, including lunch, which was delivered to Tonsley Park daily.
Accommodation and all meals were paid for by the company.
An Immigration Department spokesman yesterday said following discussions with the workers, most of their 456 visas were cancelled and the "more appropriate" 457 visa issued to eligible workers.
"This is not unusual once the department becomes aware that the work being conducted does not fit the requirements of the 456 visa," the spokesman said.
State Industrial Relations Minister Paul Holloway yesterday said that the pay and conditions of the SANAN employees were covered by federal minimum wage provisions.
The highest-ever penalty handed out for underpaying employees from a non-English speaking background was against an Adelaide cleaning company earlier this year.
Saya Pty Ltd underpaid two vulnerable workers less than $4000.
Menschenhandel zum Zwecke der Ausbeutung der Arbeitskraft:
Mitsubishi Automobilfabrikation hat Arbeitern aus China in Australien nur 1,90 $ Stundenlohn gezahlt und ihnen somit bei einer 8monatigen Maschinenmontage 131.000,- $ vorenthalten
http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/sout ... 5893411774
CHINESE labourers were flown in to dismantle heavy machinery at the former Mitsubishi car plant and paid as little as $1.90 an hour for the backbreaking work, it has been revealed.
The 24 temporary migrant workers were housed in dormitory-style accommodation in the Adelaide Hills while completing the eight-month job, and were allegedly underpaid more than $131,000 by their employer, a Chinese state-owned company.
The Fair Work Ombudsman has launched Federal Court action against their employer, the Chinese-registered China SANAN Engineering Construction Corporation, alleging two breaches of workplace relations laws.
Fair Work Ombudsman executive director Michael Campbell will allege China SANAN paid the workers between 2005 and 6603 yuan a month, or from $1.90 to $6.75 an hour.
At the time, the Australian federal minimum wage was $14.31 an hour.
China SANAN brought the Chinese workers to Australia to dismantle and remove an automotive press formerly used by Mitsubishi Motors Australia. They worked at the Tonsley Park site from October 29, 2009, until the end of June this year.
Federal Court documents show the Chinese labourers worked a 7.6 hour day and 21.75 days a month during the contract and were entitled to receive at least the federal minimum wage.
"The Fair Work Ombudsman is committed to its role of enforcing Australia's labour standards for overseas workers and will take action against employers who seek to exploit foreign workers," Mr Campbell said.
"Strong and persistent messages need to be sent to employers that both deter this type of behaviour and reinforce the fact that exploitative practices will just not be tolerated."
The Australian Manufacturing Workers Union was aware Chinese workers had been brought in to work at the former car plant but attempts to discover their working conditions were thwarted [vereitelt].
The revelation that they were paid as little as $1.90 an hour outraged union state secretary John Camillo, who described the situation as "a disgrace" and "unbelievable".
"The company knows the industrial relations system in Australia. I just don't know how they could do that," Mr Camillo said.
"We had roadblocks everywhere when we tried to investigate it in December and we were told no, they are not labourers, it is only engineers. I can understand why they wouldn't let us go anywhere near them to talk to these people.
"It is a disgrace and there would have been a lot of people who were aware of that and allowed it to happen. It is more than slave labour. A dollar-something an hour is a big concern and I will be further looking into this to make sure it never, ever happens again."
The Fair Work Ombudsman launched its investigation after receiving information from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Workplace inspectors visited the former Mitsubishi site twice in January, three times in February and once in May and interviewed the workers, China SANAN lawyers and Mitsubishi representatives.
Mr Campbell said that foreign companies operating in Australia must comply with Australian workplace laws, including minimum pay rates.
It is alleged the Chinese workers arrived in Adelaide on class 456 visas, which are designed for short-stay business visits of up to three months for specialised, non-ongoing work. These were later cancelled by DIAC.
Mr Campbell said Chinese SANAN reimbursed its workers when they returned to China in March, with an "overseas travel allowance" which satisfied the alleged underpayment of the minimum wage.
Some of the workers subsequently returned on 457 visas which allowed supervised work.
The Chinese workers were believed to have been put up in dormitory-style accommodation in the Adelaide Hills during their stays. The accommodation had its own kitchen and all meals were cooked by a China SANAN employee, including lunch, which was delivered to Tonsley Park daily.
Accommodation and all meals were paid for by the company.
An Immigration Department spokesman yesterday said following discussions with the workers, most of their 456 visas were cancelled and the "more appropriate" 457 visa issued to eligible workers.
"This is not unusual once the department becomes aware that the work being conducted does not fit the requirements of the 456 visa," the spokesman said.
State Industrial Relations Minister Paul Holloway yesterday said that the pay and conditions of the SANAN employees were covered by federal minimum wage provisions.
The highest-ever penalty handed out for underpaying employees from a non-English speaking background was against an Adelaide cleaning company earlier this year.
Saya Pty Ltd underpaid two vulnerable workers less than $4000.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Betteln mit Kindern:
Weniger Kleinkriminalität, mehr Prostitution
http://diepresse.com/home/panorama/oest ... h/index.do
Weniger Kleinkriminalität, mehr Prostitution
http://diepresse.com/home/panorama/oest ... h/index.do
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Nigeria:
Menschenhandelsvorwurf gegen Edo-Stammesfürst
Der Edo-Monarch, Ebiredelu von Emuhi der westlichen Esan Lokalregierung im Bundesstaat Edo, mit der 1-Millionen-Stadt Benin, Nigeria,
wurde erneut mit zwei Frauen an seiner Seite bei einer Auslandsreise erwischt (damals Schweiz, diesmal Türkei)
von denen er behauptet sie seien seine Frau und Assistentin, was er aber nicht belegen kann.
Jetzt wird ihm Menschenhandel vorgeworfen.
Mehr:
http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?thea ... 6097353726
Beteiligen sich die Stammesfürsten an der Schleusung ihrer Landsleute aus humanitären Gründen oder verkaufen sie auch heute noch ihre Leute in die Sklaverei?
Fall der erwürgten Sexarbeiterin Eunice O. ist Irrua in Nigeria:
viewtopic.php?p=74207#74207
Film-Machwerk "Die Hölle Europa / Sisters of no Mercy":
viewtopic.php?t=4291
Menschenhandelsvorwurf gegen Edo-Stammesfürst
Der Edo-Monarch, Ebiredelu von Emuhi der westlichen Esan Lokalregierung im Bundesstaat Edo, mit der 1-Millionen-Stadt Benin, Nigeria,
wurde erneut mit zwei Frauen an seiner Seite bei einer Auslandsreise erwischt (damals Schweiz, diesmal Türkei)
von denen er behauptet sie seien seine Frau und Assistentin, was er aber nicht belegen kann.
Jetzt wird ihm Menschenhandel vorgeworfen.
Mehr:
http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?thea ... 6097353726
Beteiligen sich die Stammesfürsten an der Schleusung ihrer Landsleute aus humanitären Gründen oder verkaufen sie auch heute noch ihre Leute in die Sklaverei?
Fall der erwürgten Sexarbeiterin Eunice O. ist Irrua in Nigeria:
viewtopic.php?p=74207#74207
Film-Machwerk "Die Hölle Europa / Sisters of no Mercy":
viewtopic.php?t=4291
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Forschung zur strukturellen Migrationskontrolle
Forschungsprojekt ENACT:
Mobility and more democratic European Citizenship
Projekt gefördert von der EU-Kommission mit der Fernuni England open.ac.uk
Mit einer etwas umständlichen Website die sich so darstellt: "developing a virtual collaborative research environment based on Web 2.0 technologies." (Na da sind wir mit unserem autonomen Forum mindestens genausoweit;-)
www.enacting-citizenship.eu
_______________
Dissertation:
TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN - HANDEL IN VROUWEN
Rutvica Andrijasevic
Uni Utrecht, Humanities/Geisteswissenschaften
bei Prof. Dr. Rosi Braidotti
2004
OSI gefördert
Es geht darum den öffentlichen Menschenhandels-Opferdiskurs sog. Anti-Trafficking-Aufklärungskampagnen aufzubrechen und die Vielschichtigkeit der selbstbestimmten aber dennoch manchmal prekären Migration von Sexworkern wissenschaftlich aufzuzeigen für die politische Entscheidungsprozesse in internationalen Organisationen.
Ihre Forschungen z.B. zu teilweise ausgebeuteten informellen Migranten-Sexworkern auf dem Straßenstrich in Italien zeigen Defizite in den politikentscheidenden Definitionen der intl. Protokolle (vgl. UN Palermo Protocol von 2000).
Eine engagiert-feministische, sozial-relevante Forschungsarbeit.
Englisch:
http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dis ... 9/full.pdf
darin:
SIGN
Sexwork Initiative Group the Netherlands
Vorläufer und Gründer von ICRSE
www.sexworkEurope.org
[Seite 224]
.
Mobility and more democratic European Citizenship
Projekt gefördert von der EU-Kommission mit der Fernuni England open.ac.uk
Mit einer etwas umständlichen Website die sich so darstellt: "developing a virtual collaborative research environment based on Web 2.0 technologies." (Na da sind wir mit unserem autonomen Forum mindestens genausoweit;-)
www.enacting-citizenship.eu
_______________
Dissertation:
TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN - HANDEL IN VROUWEN
Rutvica Andrijasevic
Uni Utrecht, Humanities/Geisteswissenschaften
bei Prof. Dr. Rosi Braidotti
2004
OSI gefördert
Es geht darum den öffentlichen Menschenhandels-Opferdiskurs sog. Anti-Trafficking-Aufklärungskampagnen aufzubrechen und die Vielschichtigkeit der selbstbestimmten aber dennoch manchmal prekären Migration von Sexworkern wissenschaftlich aufzuzeigen für die politische Entscheidungsprozesse in internationalen Organisationen.
Ihre Forschungen z.B. zu teilweise ausgebeuteten informellen Migranten-Sexworkern auf dem Straßenstrich in Italien zeigen Defizite in den politikentscheidenden Definitionen der intl. Protokolle (vgl. UN Palermo Protocol von 2000).
Eine engagiert-feministische, sozial-relevante Forschungsarbeit.
Englisch:
http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dis ... 9/full.pdf
darin:
SIGN
Sexwork Initiative Group the Netherlands
Vorläufer und Gründer von ICRSE
www.sexworkEurope.org
[Seite 224]
.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Wer kennt die Quelle dieser Schätzung?
7.000 Opfer von Menschenhandel in Wien
- Bis zu vier Millionen Opfer weltweit.
- 7.000 Opfer in Wien geschätzt IOM.
- 30 Anzeigen in ganz Österreich 2008
- 61 Verurteilungen wg. grenzüberschreitendem Prostitutionshandel
- 6 Verurteilungen Menschenhandel
http://sexworker.at/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=85121#85121
"die meisten werden erpresst" sage Evely Probst von www.lefoe.at
O-Ton
http://oe1.orf.at/artikel/253678
Ich kann die Zahl 7.000 nirgends finden,
weder bei www.iomVienna.at , www.state.gov/g/tip noch bei www.ilo.org oder www.UNodc.org auch nicht hier:
http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-tr ... ope_09.pdf
Die Zahl muß stark hochgerechnet sein. IBF berichtet von unter 200 Frauen und Mädchen aus ganz Österreich, die im Letzen Jahr zur Betreuung an sie verwiesen wurden.
Beim Thema Loverboys werden die Zahl der bekannten Fälle mit dem Faktor 30 multipliziert um die Zahl der geschätzen Fälle zu erhalten.
.
- Bis zu vier Millionen Opfer weltweit.
- 7.000 Opfer in Wien geschätzt IOM.
- 30 Anzeigen in ganz Österreich 2008
- 61 Verurteilungen wg. grenzüberschreitendem Prostitutionshandel
- 6 Verurteilungen Menschenhandel
http://sexworker.at/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=85121#85121
"die meisten werden erpresst" sage Evely Probst von www.lefoe.at
O-Ton
http://oe1.orf.at/artikel/253678
Ich kann die Zahl 7.000 nirgends finden,
weder bei www.iomVienna.at , www.state.gov/g/tip noch bei www.ilo.org oder www.UNodc.org auch nicht hier:
http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-tr ... ope_09.pdf
Die Zahl muß stark hochgerechnet sein. IBF berichtet von unter 200 Frauen und Mädchen aus ganz Österreich, die im Letzen Jahr zur Betreuung an sie verwiesen wurden.
Beim Thema Loverboys werden die Zahl der bekannten Fälle mit dem Faktor 30 multipliziert um die Zahl der geschätzen Fälle zu erhalten.
.
Zuletzt geändert von Marc of Frankfurt am 21.08.2010, 10:21, insgesamt 5-mal geändert.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Jahrbuch
Osterreichisches Jahrbuch Integration/Migration mit vielen Statistiken
(Thema Sexwork und Prostitution konnte ich bisher nicht finden, obwohl wir wissen, das undokumentierten MigrantInnen nur dieser Job verbleibt.
Dafür ein schöner Österreich-Atlas, für alle Nichtösterreicher hier im Forum;-)
http://www.integrationsfonds.at/publika ... buch_2010/
oder direkt
http://www.integrationsfonds.at/fileadm ... fertig.pdf
(Thema Sexwork und Prostitution konnte ich bisher nicht finden, obwohl wir wissen, das undokumentierten MigrantInnen nur dieser Job verbleibt.
Dafür ein schöner Österreich-Atlas, für alle Nichtösterreicher hier im Forum;-)
http://www.integrationsfonds.at/publika ... buch_2010/
oder direkt
http://www.integrationsfonds.at/fileadm ... fertig.pdf
Zuletzt geändert von Marc of Frankfurt am 17.08.2010, 01:41, insgesamt 1-mal geändert.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Working Paper
CHRGJ/GAATW Release
Report on Trafficking, Globalization, and Security
Beyond Borders: Exploring Links between Trafficking, Globalisation, and Security:
http://www.gaatw.org/publications/WP_on ... sation.pdf
The report identifies the ways in which globalization (through structural adjustment, global competition and trade liberalization) and security discourse impact the human rights of migrants and trafficked persons and offers recommendations on how anti-trafficking strategies can engage in these areas to maximize the human rights of trafficked persons.
.
Report on Trafficking, Globalization, and Security
Beyond Borders: Exploring Links between Trafficking, Globalisation, and Security:
http://www.gaatw.org/publications/WP_on ... sation.pdf
The report identifies the ways in which globalization (through structural adjustment, global competition and trade liberalization) and security discourse impact the human rights of migrants and trafficked persons and offers recommendations on how anti-trafficking strategies can engage in these areas to maximize the human rights of trafficked persons.
- "Security approaches that emphasise the links between organized crime, terrorism and trafficking misidentify the nature of trafficking networks and skew prevention efforts."
.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Eingabe der Sexworker
Staat Viktoria, Australien:
Menschenhandelsbericht
mit Empfehlungen zur verschärften Prostitutionskontrolle
Anal-yse und Reaktion der Sexworker Gewerkschaft Scarlet Alliance
Mit Unterstützung aus Europa/TAMPEP und U.S.A. ...
http://www.scarletAlliance.org.au/laws/ ... tions_2010
Polizeibericht:
http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images ... _cover.pdf
(1,6 MB)
.
Menschenhandelsbericht
mit Empfehlungen zur verschärften Prostitutionskontrolle
Anal-yse und Reaktion der Sexworker Gewerkschaft Scarlet Alliance
Mit Unterstützung aus Europa/TAMPEP und U.S.A. ...
http://www.scarletAlliance.org.au/laws/ ... tions_2010
Polizeibericht:
http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images ... _cover.pdf
(1,6 MB)
.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Bootsflüchlinge nach Australien
Aufklärung zur "das Boot ist voll Propaganda"
Migrationsdebatte Australien
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3C1ua_RyX4[/youtube]
Since 1976, just 730 passengers per year arrived on these 500 boats;
• On average, less than 15 boats arrived per year since 1976;
• The total number of passenger on all the boats is just a little under 25,000.
See the statistics:
http://www.safecom.org.au/pdfs/boat-arrivals-stats.pdf
Spendet Lexika für inhaftierte MigrantInnen
RRAN's Dictionaries for Detainees
The "Dictionaries for Detention" project is one small way which we in the Australian community can seek to redress or reduce these negative aspects of detention.
http://rran.org/dictionaries-detainees
.
Migrationsdebatte Australien
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3C1ua_RyX4[/youtube]
Since 1976, just 730 passengers per year arrived on these 500 boats;
• On average, less than 15 boats arrived per year since 1976;
• The total number of passenger on all the boats is just a little under 25,000.
See the statistics:
http://www.safecom.org.au/pdfs/boat-arrivals-stats.pdf
Spendet Lexika für inhaftierte MigrantInnen
RRAN's Dictionaries for Detainees
The "Dictionaries for Detention" project is one small way which we in the Australian community can seek to redress or reduce these negative aspects of detention.
http://rran.org/dictionaries-detainees
.
Zuletzt geändert von Marc of Frankfurt am 07.09.2010, 16:19, insgesamt 2-mal geändert.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Legaldefinition kriminalisiert Sexworker
Wie mit der Rechts-Definition sexworkerfeindliche Politik gemacht wird:
Nicht-schwere Formen von Menschenhandel und Prostitution sind per Definition gleichgesetzt
Die US Definition von Menschenhandel (trafficking in persons) unterscheidet:
- Severe forms of trafficking in persons
- Sex trafficking
Tatbestandsmerkmale wie Gewalt, Täuschung, Minderjährigkeit ... kennzeichnen dagegen "schwere Formen von Menschenhandel".
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2m4m6XzLsZU[/youtube]
Quelle:
http://medusasarrow.blogspot.com/2010/0 ... 011806db72
Vgl.
Internationales Palermo Protokoll aus dem Jahre 2000:
"Die Einwilligung des Opfers [Sexworkers] ist unerheblich."
viewtopic.php?p=29294#29294
So auch in diesem Urteil über Zuhälterei auf dem Berliner Straßenstrich festgestellt:
"Auf die Freiwilligkeit der Unterwerfung [der Sexworker] unter die Regeln der Organisatoren der Straßenprostitution könne es nicht ankommen, weil die Einwilligung der Prostituierten rechtlich unwirksam sei."
viewtopic.php?p=80687#80687
Sexworker werden juristisch Kindern gleichgestellt und entmündigt. Oder 'Sex gegen Geld' wird in dieser Kombination als so gefährlich angesehen (Sex ohne Geld ist erlaubt, Geldverdienen ist auch erlaubt), dass der Staat sich ein universelles Vormundschaftsrecht vorbehält (Paternalismus).
.
Nicht-schwere Formen von Menschenhandel und Prostitution sind per Definition gleichgesetzt
Die US Definition von Menschenhandel (trafficking in persons) unterscheidet:
- Severe forms of trafficking in persons
- Sex trafficking
- Sex trafficking
The term “sex trafficking” means the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act.
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/ ... -000-.html
Tatbestandsmerkmale wie Gewalt, Täuschung, Minderjährigkeit ... kennzeichnen dagegen "schwere Formen von Menschenhandel".
- Severe forms of trafficking in persons
The term “severe forms of trafficking in persons” means
(A) sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or
(B) the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2m4m6XzLsZU[/youtube]
Quelle:
http://medusasarrow.blogspot.com/2010/0 ... 011806db72
Vgl.
Internationales Palermo Protokoll aus dem Jahre 2000:
"Die Einwilligung des Opfers [Sexworkers] ist unerheblich."
viewtopic.php?p=29294#29294
So auch in diesem Urteil über Zuhälterei auf dem Berliner Straßenstrich festgestellt:
"Auf die Freiwilligkeit der Unterwerfung [der Sexworker] unter die Regeln der Organisatoren der Straßenprostitution könne es nicht ankommen, weil die Einwilligung der Prostituierten rechtlich unwirksam sei."
viewtopic.php?p=80687#80687
Sexworker werden juristisch Kindern gleichgestellt und entmündigt. Oder 'Sex gegen Geld' wird in dieser Kombination als so gefährlich angesehen (Sex ohne Geld ist erlaubt, Geldverdienen ist auch erlaubt), dass der Staat sich ein universelles Vormundschaftsrecht vorbehält (Paternalismus).
.
Zuletzt geändert von Marc of Frankfurt am 08.09.2010, 12:28, insgesamt 2-mal geändert.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Kommentar zur reißerischen Doku-Fiction
Nathalie Rothschild:
Fighting against slavery? Pull the other one
Anti-traffickers promiscuously use the s-word in order to present themselves as heroic rescuers of fallen women.
Following a series of Channel 4 TV programmes that charted the shocking stories of abuse and exploitation of so-called ‘modern-day slaves’ – women and children from abroad coerced to work in Britain as domestic servants and prostitutes – it is important to make one thing clear: slavery was abolished 200 years ago and it has not returned.
http://www.channel4.com/programmes/the- ... ickers/4od
http://www.seesaw.com/TV/Factual/s-3082 ... raffickers
Teil 1 von 6:
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zLQxjz3Ejo[/youtube]
Das Urteil im zugrundeliegenden Menschenhandelsprozess:
viewtopic.php?p=87057#87057
Thankfully, for all Channel 4’s promiscuous use of the s-word, today there are no open markets where men, women and children of a certain colour are bought and sold like cattle, shipped across the world in horrific conditions, and forced to labour against their will with no remuneration. Of course, Channel 4 didn’t literally claim that these eighteenth-century practices still occur; instead it suggested that thousands of foreign women and children are made to work in slave-like conditions, behind closed doors. Nevertheless, the moral imperative to free these people from their metaphorical chains is as strong as the one that eventually abolished the transatlantic slave trade, the programmes implied.
Does it really matter if well-intentioned individuals and TV producers are taking liberty with labels? Isn’t objection to the use of the word slavery simply academic nitpicking, when the main aim should be to help exploited people by any means necessary?
Actually, a critical look at the Channel 4 programmes makes clear that all this ‘slavery’ talk and ‘anti-slavery’ campaigning is only helping to put migrants and would-be migrants into a submissive relationship with police, charities and feminist activists who fancy themselves as modern-day abolitionists. These self-styled rescuers may get a moral boost from their campaigning against ‘modern-day slavery’, but there aren’t many clear benefits for the victims they purport to be rescuing. In fact, often these fantasy, feministic rescue operations result in the deportation of migrants who have invested a great deal of time and money in coming over here to work.
The Channel 4 programmes were: Britain’s Secret Slaves, an investigative documentary about domestic workers; I am Slave, a drama based on the real story of a Sudanese girl kidnapped, sold to an Arabic family, and then brought to Britain as their domestic servant; and The Hunt for Britain’s Sex Traffickers, in which a film crew followed police carrying out a nationwide investigation into enforced prostitution in Britain.
In all programmes, three distinct roles were assigned to those involved. First, there were the Dodgy Foreigners – Middle Eastern diplomats who abused their Asian domestic servants; African rebels raiding villages and kidnapping children to sell to wealthy Arabs; Asian pimps. Second, there were the Foreign Victims – impoverished women and children, adrift in the world and with no power to exercise personal agency. And third, there were the rescuers – white and British police, charities, feminists and filmmakers.
These films did show that history is repeating itself – but what is really making a comeback is not slavery, but the ‘white slavery’ panic of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Only where that panic focused on the potential for Western women to be forced into prostitution abroad by evil Chinese, Indian or African men, today’s trafficking panic focuses on the potential for Third World women to be forced into prostitution by evil Chinese, Indian or African men. It was during the white-slavery scare that the term ‘trafficking’ first emerged. The way in which this alleged ‘trafficking’ was reported back in the nineteenth century, and the moral impulses of those who tried to fight it, are eerily similar to today’s anti-trafficking initiatives.
In a 1999 paper, Jo Doezema, a British academic, outlined how fears and anxieties around mass migration, sexuality and the role of women have infused both the old white-slavery panic and the new trafficking panic. At the turn of the century, the white-slavery scare was triggered by a rise of Western women, at a time of increased mobility, venturing abroad to find work, including as prostitutes. And the modern trafficking panic also emerged at a time of borders opening up and people from poorer parts of the world gaining more opportunities to travel.
During the white-slavery scare, there was a growing concern that foreign men – especially Africans, Jews and the Chinese – might kidnap Western women and force them to work as prostitutes. As with today’s traffickers, they were said to have used force, deceit and drugs to lure women across borders. Then, as now, there was a disproportional focus on women and children – and little appreciation of the fact that women, even if in circumstances of duress, are capable of taking active decisions to leave home.
Back then – just like today – conferences were organised, international agreements were signed and new laws were passed, including restrictions on women’s travel. Media reports, novels and plays were written, and state authorities, early feminists, religious associations and puritanical organisations collaborated to put an end to the trafficking of women by foreign sex pests and money-hungry thugs. The victims of ‘white slavery’ were presented as innocent, pure and virginal girls who were subjected to extreme violence, humiliation and disease. The perpetrators were depicted as mafia-like, often working in collusion with corrupt governments – much like those Asian mafia men and Arab diplomats featured in Channel 4’s documentaries.
As Doezema points out, various studies have shown that the white-slavery scare had little basis in reality, and was instead driven by fears that foreigners would violate respectable Western women and corrupt Western society. And while protective measures were introduced under the guise of ‘helping women’, the underlying moral concern, Doezema argues, was with controlling women.
Today, too, undocumented migrants are widely regarded as being pawns in the debased games of trafficking rings. Yet while kidnapping, coercion and maltreatment certainly occur, the fates of undocumented migrants to the West are really in the hands of what Laura Maria Augustin has termed ‘the rescue industry’.
In her book Sex at the Margins, Augustin (interviewed on spiked here) describes how ‘rescuers’, even when well-intentioned, end up denying the agency of large numbers of working-class migrants. They treat them as ‘passive subjects rather than as normal people looking for conventional opportunities, conditions and pleasures’. Augustin argues that ‘the victim identity imposed on so many in the name of helping them makes helpers themselves disturbingly important figures.’
Just consider the British police officers featured in The Hunt for Britain’s Sex Traffickers who helped carry out Pentameter Two. That operation was heralded as ‘the largest-ever police crackdown on human trafficking’, and it led to the conviction of precisely zero people for forcing women into prostitution. As one journalist has pointed out, the key witness relied on by the police officers – and by Channel 4’s documentary makers – was not actually rescued by the police, but by one of her punters and his ex-wife. Yet viewers were made to believe that there is a clear link between the hundreds of raids carried out as part of Pentameter Two and the rescue of this witness (who was genuinely forced into prostitution in demeaning circumstances).
On Channel 4, the police were allowed to present themselves as knights in shining armour. There was no mention of the fact that two thirds of the 255 women ‘rescued’ by police during the Pentameter raids in 2006 and 2008 quickly dropped off the radar, declining to be helped by the authorities. This led one researcher to conclude that many of these women were simply in Britain to earn money – just like other migrant workers – and just wanted to get on with it rather than be ‘rescued’. The fact is that migrants from poor parts of the world can earn a lot more money in the sex industry than in other lines of work and they would not regard being arrested in a police raid as a form of ‘rescue’. Sixteen women – alleged victims of trafficking – were deported following the Pentameter raids. How helpful.
Illegal migration involves great risks for migrants. They are vulnerable to exploitation, with some held in flats against their will or forced to work long hours for very little pay. Yet the government and anti-trafficking campaigners only end up strengthening borders, by raising suspicions about every man, woman or child moving here from ‘over there’. It is not in migrants’ interest to be described as slaves. This only gives a moral boost to their self-appointed rescuers, who are involved in what Augustin has labelled ‘a colonialist operation’.
Overblown anti-slavery campaigns are really about rescuing the flagging reputation of the British police, government officials and others. Most migrants probably experience these campaigns as patronising and restrictive.
Nathalie Rothschild is commissioning editor of spiked.
Original mit vielen eingebetteten Links:
http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php/ ... icle/9496/
Aufsatz von ihr 2009:
viewtopic.php?p=64907#64907
Vergleiche auch die aktuelle on-line Debatte auf economist.com:
http://sexworker.at/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=86856#86856
http://www.economist.com/debate/debates/overview/182
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: The myth of Britain's foreign sex slaves
For years ministers have insisted that thousands of women are being smuggled into Britain and forced into prostitution. But when police staged a multi-million pound operation to smash the gangs, how many traffickers did they find? Not one
By Tom Rawstorne, 13th November 2009
viewtopic.php?p=70099#70099
Untersuchungsbericht konnte keinen einzigen Menschenhändler einer Zwangsprostituierten nachweisen
Inquiry fails to find single trafficker who forced anybody into prostitution
Nick Davies
The Guardian, Tuesday 20 October 2009
viewtopic.php?p=67649#67649
.
Fighting against slavery? Pull the other one
Anti-traffickers promiscuously use the s-word in order to present themselves as heroic rescuers of fallen women.
Following a series of Channel 4 TV programmes that charted the shocking stories of abuse and exploitation of so-called ‘modern-day slaves’ – women and children from abroad coerced to work in Britain as domestic servants and prostitutes – it is important to make one thing clear: slavery was abolished 200 years ago and it has not returned.
http://www.channel4.com/programmes/the- ... ickers/4od
http://www.seesaw.com/TV/Factual/s-3082 ... raffickers
Teil 1 von 6:
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zLQxjz3Ejo[/youtube]
Das Urteil im zugrundeliegenden Menschenhandelsprozess:
viewtopic.php?p=87057#87057
Thankfully, for all Channel 4’s promiscuous use of the s-word, today there are no open markets where men, women and children of a certain colour are bought and sold like cattle, shipped across the world in horrific conditions, and forced to labour against their will with no remuneration. Of course, Channel 4 didn’t literally claim that these eighteenth-century practices still occur; instead it suggested that thousands of foreign women and children are made to work in slave-like conditions, behind closed doors. Nevertheless, the moral imperative to free these people from their metaphorical chains is as strong as the one that eventually abolished the transatlantic slave trade, the programmes implied.
Does it really matter if well-intentioned individuals and TV producers are taking liberty with labels? Isn’t objection to the use of the word slavery simply academic nitpicking, when the main aim should be to help exploited people by any means necessary?
Actually, a critical look at the Channel 4 programmes makes clear that all this ‘slavery’ talk and ‘anti-slavery’ campaigning is only helping to put migrants and would-be migrants into a submissive relationship with police, charities and feminist activists who fancy themselves as modern-day abolitionists. These self-styled rescuers may get a moral boost from their campaigning against ‘modern-day slavery’, but there aren’t many clear benefits for the victims they purport to be rescuing. In fact, often these fantasy, feministic rescue operations result in the deportation of migrants who have invested a great deal of time and money in coming over here to work.
The Channel 4 programmes were: Britain’s Secret Slaves, an investigative documentary about domestic workers; I am Slave, a drama based on the real story of a Sudanese girl kidnapped, sold to an Arabic family, and then brought to Britain as their domestic servant; and The Hunt for Britain’s Sex Traffickers, in which a film crew followed police carrying out a nationwide investigation into enforced prostitution in Britain.
In all programmes, three distinct roles were assigned to those involved. First, there were the Dodgy Foreigners – Middle Eastern diplomats who abused their Asian domestic servants; African rebels raiding villages and kidnapping children to sell to wealthy Arabs; Asian pimps. Second, there were the Foreign Victims – impoverished women and children, adrift in the world and with no power to exercise personal agency. And third, there were the rescuers – white and British police, charities, feminists and filmmakers.
These films did show that history is repeating itself – but what is really making a comeback is not slavery, but the ‘white slavery’ panic of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Only where that panic focused on the potential for Western women to be forced into prostitution abroad by evil Chinese, Indian or African men, today’s trafficking panic focuses on the potential for Third World women to be forced into prostitution by evil Chinese, Indian or African men. It was during the white-slavery scare that the term ‘trafficking’ first emerged. The way in which this alleged ‘trafficking’ was reported back in the nineteenth century, and the moral impulses of those who tried to fight it, are eerily similar to today’s anti-trafficking initiatives.
In a 1999 paper, Jo Doezema, a British academic, outlined how fears and anxieties around mass migration, sexuality and the role of women have infused both the old white-slavery panic and the new trafficking panic. At the turn of the century, the white-slavery scare was triggered by a rise of Western women, at a time of increased mobility, venturing abroad to find work, including as prostitutes. And the modern trafficking panic also emerged at a time of borders opening up and people from poorer parts of the world gaining more opportunities to travel.
During the white-slavery scare, there was a growing concern that foreign men – especially Africans, Jews and the Chinese – might kidnap Western women and force them to work as prostitutes. As with today’s traffickers, they were said to have used force, deceit and drugs to lure women across borders. Then, as now, there was a disproportional focus on women and children – and little appreciation of the fact that women, even if in circumstances of duress, are capable of taking active decisions to leave home.
Back then – just like today – conferences were organised, international agreements were signed and new laws were passed, including restrictions on women’s travel. Media reports, novels and plays were written, and state authorities, early feminists, religious associations and puritanical organisations collaborated to put an end to the trafficking of women by foreign sex pests and money-hungry thugs. The victims of ‘white slavery’ were presented as innocent, pure and virginal girls who were subjected to extreme violence, humiliation and disease. The perpetrators were depicted as mafia-like, often working in collusion with corrupt governments – much like those Asian mafia men and Arab diplomats featured in Channel 4’s documentaries.
As Doezema points out, various studies have shown that the white-slavery scare had little basis in reality, and was instead driven by fears that foreigners would violate respectable Western women and corrupt Western society. And while protective measures were introduced under the guise of ‘helping women’, the underlying moral concern, Doezema argues, was with controlling women.
Today, too, undocumented migrants are widely regarded as being pawns in the debased games of trafficking rings. Yet while kidnapping, coercion and maltreatment certainly occur, the fates of undocumented migrants to the West are really in the hands of what Laura Maria Augustin has termed ‘the rescue industry’.
In her book Sex at the Margins, Augustin (interviewed on spiked here) describes how ‘rescuers’, even when well-intentioned, end up denying the agency of large numbers of working-class migrants. They treat them as ‘passive subjects rather than as normal people looking for conventional opportunities, conditions and pleasures’. Augustin argues that ‘the victim identity imposed on so many in the name of helping them makes helpers themselves disturbingly important figures.’
Just consider the British police officers featured in The Hunt for Britain’s Sex Traffickers who helped carry out Pentameter Two. That operation was heralded as ‘the largest-ever police crackdown on human trafficking’, and it led to the conviction of precisely zero people for forcing women into prostitution. As one journalist has pointed out, the key witness relied on by the police officers – and by Channel 4’s documentary makers – was not actually rescued by the police, but by one of her punters and his ex-wife. Yet viewers were made to believe that there is a clear link between the hundreds of raids carried out as part of Pentameter Two and the rescue of this witness (who was genuinely forced into prostitution in demeaning circumstances).
On Channel 4, the police were allowed to present themselves as knights in shining armour. There was no mention of the fact that two thirds of the 255 women ‘rescued’ by police during the Pentameter raids in 2006 and 2008 quickly dropped off the radar, declining to be helped by the authorities. This led one researcher to conclude that many of these women were simply in Britain to earn money – just like other migrant workers – and just wanted to get on with it rather than be ‘rescued’. The fact is that migrants from poor parts of the world can earn a lot more money in the sex industry than in other lines of work and they would not regard being arrested in a police raid as a form of ‘rescue’. Sixteen women – alleged victims of trafficking – were deported following the Pentameter raids. How helpful.
Illegal migration involves great risks for migrants. They are vulnerable to exploitation, with some held in flats against their will or forced to work long hours for very little pay. Yet the government and anti-trafficking campaigners only end up strengthening borders, by raising suspicions about every man, woman or child moving here from ‘over there’. It is not in migrants’ interest to be described as slaves. This only gives a moral boost to their self-appointed rescuers, who are involved in what Augustin has labelled ‘a colonialist operation’.
Overblown anti-slavery campaigns are really about rescuing the flagging reputation of the British police, government officials and others. Most migrants probably experience these campaigns as patronising and restrictive.
Nathalie Rothschild is commissioning editor of spiked.
Original mit vielen eingebetteten Links:
http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php/ ... icle/9496/
Aufsatz von ihr 2009:
viewtopic.php?p=64907#64907
Vergleiche auch die aktuelle on-line Debatte auf economist.com:
http://sexworker.at/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=86856#86856
http://www.economist.com/debate/debates/overview/182
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: The myth of Britain's foreign sex slaves
For years ministers have insisted that thousands of women are being smuggled into Britain and forced into prostitution. But when police staged a multi-million pound operation to smash the gangs, how many traffickers did they find? Not one
By Tom Rawstorne, 13th November 2009
viewtopic.php?p=70099#70099
Untersuchungsbericht konnte keinen einzigen Menschenhändler einer Zwangsprostituierten nachweisen
Inquiry fails to find single trafficker who forced anybody into prostitution
Nick Davies
The Guardian, Tuesday 20 October 2009
viewtopic.php?p=67649#67649
.
Zuletzt geändert von Marc of Frankfurt am 13.09.2010, 02:56, insgesamt 7-mal geändert.
-
Arum
- verifizierte UserIn
- Beiträge: 961
- Registriert: 01.06.2009, 13:35
- Wohnort: Niederländische Grenzregion
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Eine radikalfeministische Freundin von mir, Amerikanerin, hat mal gemeint, dies belege gar wie tiefgreifend die Macht der Zuhälter sei. Die Frauen wären so sehr von denen eingeschüchtert, dass sie ihre Opferschaft nicht mal der Polizei gegenüber je eingestehen würden ...Marc of Frankfurt hat geschrieben:
Just consider the British police officers featured in The Hunt for Britain’s Sex Traffickers who helped carry out Pentameter Two. That operation was heralded as ‘the largest-ever police crackdown on human trafficking’, and it led to the conviction of precisely zero people for forcing women into prostitution.
Da hört jede vernünftige Diskussion auf ... Da fängt eher die selbstgefällige Retterreligion an...
Guten Abend, schöne Unbekannte!
Joachim Ringelnatz
Joachim Ringelnatz
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
MH zur sex Ausbeutung vs. Arbeitskraftausbeutung
Genauso raffiniert wurde argumentiert nach der Fußball WM, als statt der unterstellten 40.000 Zwangsprostituierten nur 5 Ermittlungsfälle von Menschenhandel auftraten. Man behauptete die Prävention habe Wirkung gehabt. Analog bei Olympia Vancouver...
___
Was ist sexuelle Ausbeutung?
Handbuch des Deutschen Bundeskriminalamtes (BKA) zur Menschenhandelsbekämpfung per Strafrecht und intl. Konventionen.
Palermo Protokoll von 2000 und die Folgen:
E-Book (pdf):
http://www.bka.de/kriminalwissenschafte ... eutung.pdf
(564 Seiten, 3,5 MB)
.
___
Was ist sexuelle Ausbeutung?
Handbuch des Deutschen Bundeskriminalamtes (BKA) zur Menschenhandelsbekämpfung per Strafrecht und intl. Konventionen.
Palermo Protokoll von 2000 und die Folgen:
E-Book (pdf):
http://www.bka.de/kriminalwissenschafte ... eutung.pdf
(564 Seiten, 3,5 MB)
.
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Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Welche Strukturen notwendig gegen Menschenhandel?
Needs Assessment Toolkit on the Criminal Justice Response to Human Trafficking
UN Abteilung gegen Drogen und organisierte Kriminalität, Wien
UNdoc.org
http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-tr ... e_2010.pdf
(92 pages, 1 MB)
UN Abteilung gegen Drogen und organisierte Kriminalität, Wien
UNdoc.org
http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-tr ... e_2010.pdf
(92 pages, 1 MB)
Zuletzt geändert von Marc of Frankfurt am 08.09.2010, 02:33, insgesamt 2-mal geändert.
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Was tut Polizei für bessere Zeugenaussagen gegen Täter?
Determinanten der Aussagebereitschaft von Opfern des Menschenhandels zum Zweck sexueller Ausbeutung
Eine qualitative Opferbefragung
Helfferich · Kavemann · Rabe - im Auftrag vom BKA
(Sie haben auch das ProstG evaluiert)
http://bka.de/kriminalwissenschaften/ve ... handel.pdf
(297 Seiten, 3,6 MB)
Sozialwissenschaftliches FrauenForschungsInstitut
Prof. Dr. Cornelia Helfferich
Freiburg
www.soffi-f.de
Eine qualitative Opferbefragung
Helfferich · Kavemann · Rabe - im Auftrag vom BKA
(Sie haben auch das ProstG evaluiert)
http://bka.de/kriminalwissenschaften/ve ... handel.pdf
(297 Seiten, 3,6 MB)
Sozialwissenschaftliches FrauenForschungsInstitut
Prof. Dr. Cornelia Helfferich
Freiburg
www.soffi-f.de
-
Marc of Frankfurt
- SW Analyst
- Beiträge: 14095
- Registriert: 01.08.2006, 14:30
- Ich bin: Keine Angabe
Arbeitskraftausbeutung vs. sexuelle Ausbeutung
Studie "Politische Instrumente zur Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels zum Zweck der Ausbeutung der Arbeitskraft in Deutschland - Bestandsaufnahme und Empfehlungen"
Homepage:
http://www.kok-buero.de/index.php?idcatart=280&lang=1
Direkter Download:
http://www.kok-buero.de/data/Medien/Stu ... eutung.pdf
(83 Seiten, 300 KB)
Koordinierierungskreis der Beratungsstellen gegen Menschenhandel
Berlin
www.kok-buero.de
Homepage:
http://www.kok-buero.de/index.php?idcatart=280&lang=1
Direkter Download:
http://www.kok-buero.de/data/Medien/Stu ... eutung.pdf
(83 Seiten, 300 KB)
Koordinierierungskreis der Beratungsstellen gegen Menschenhandel
Berlin
www.kok-buero.de